DRAKE EQUATION

Some state that by making what they feel are reasonable assumptions and arguments we can ascertain that if life is possible at all, then the universe is so vast that it should not only be possible, but almost certain that there are large numbers of extraterrestrial civilisations in the Universe. In the early 1960’s Frank Drake sought a way to calculate the probability of finding other intelligent races. He came up with an equation to calculate the possibility of extra terrestrial civilizations; which became known as the ‘Drake Equation’. Drake writes, 'The basic premise behind the equation is that what happened here will happen with a large fraction of the stars as they are created, one after another, in the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies. People unfamiliar with the accepted pictures of cosmic and biological evolution might think the equation is highly speculative; in fact, it is just the opposite, since the phenomena it assumes to take place in the Universe are only those we are sure have taken place at least once' ('The Drake Equation: A Reappraisal', pp. 115-18, First Contact).

Here is the equation also known as the Green Bank equation:

N=R*FpNpFlFiFcL

N = the number of technological civilizations in our galaxy

R* = The rate of formation of suitable stars

F(p) = the fraction of stars having planets.

N(e) = the number of suitable planets per planetary system.

F(l) = the fraction of planets on which life develops

F(i) = the fraction of life that evolves to intelligence beings.

F(c) = the fraction of intelligent species to develop the means of communication.

L = The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space.


Drake and other early extraterrestrial-life enthusiasts, including Carl Sagan, arrived at a value for N between 100,000 and 1,000,000--still only about one technological civilization per million stars in the Milky Way, which astronomers believe contains some 200 billion stars.

Drake equation parameters

Considerable disagreement on the values of most of these parameters exists, but the values used by Drake and his colleagues in 1961 are: R* = 10/year, fp = 0.5, ne = 2, fl = 1, fi = fc = 0.01, and L = 10 years.

The value of R* is the least disputed. fp is more uncertain, but is still much firmer than the values following. Confidence in ne was once higher, but the discovery of numerous gas giants in close orbit with their stars has introduced doubt that life-supporting planets commonly survive the creation of their stellar systems. In addition, most stars in our galaxy are red dwarfs, which have little of the ultraviolet radiation that has contributed to the evolution of life on Earth. Instead they flare violently, mostly in X-rays - a property not conducive to life as we know it (simulations also suggest that these bursts erode planetary atmospheres). The possibility of life on moons of gas giants such as Europa adds further uncertainty to this figure.

What evidence is currently visible to humanity suggests that fl is very high; life on Earth appears to have begun almost immediately after conditions arrived in which it was possible, suggesting that abiogenesis is relatively "easy" once conditions are right. But this evidence is limited in scope, and so this term remains in considerable dispute. One piece of data which would have major impact on this term is the controversy over whether there is evidence of life on Mars. The conclusion that life on Mars developed independently from life on Earth would argue for a high value for this term. In 2002, Charles H. Lineweaver and Tamara M. Davis (at the University of New South Wales and the Australian Centre for Astrobiology) estimated fl as > 0.33 using a statistical argument based on the length of time life took to evolve on Earth.

fi, fc, and L are obviously little more than guesses. fi has been impacted by discoveries that the solar system's orbit is circular in the galaxy, at such a distance that it remains out of the spiral arms for hundreds of millions of years (evading radiation from novae). Also, Earth's very large, unusual moon appears to aid retention of hydrogen by breaking up the crust, inducing a magnetosphere by tidal heating and stirring, and stabilizing the planet's axis of rotation. In addition while it appears that life developed soon after the formation of Earth, the Cambrian explosion in which a large variety of multicellular life forms came into being occurred considerable amounts of time after the formation of Earth, which suggests the possibility that special conditions were necessary for this to occur.

The well-known astronomer Carl Sagan speculated that all of the terms except for the lifetime of a civilization are relatively high, and the determining factor in whether there are large or small numbers of civilizations in the universe is the civilization lifetime, or in other words the ability of technological civilizations to avoid self-destruction. In Sagan's case, the Drake equation has been a strong motivating factor for his interest in environmental issues and his efforts to warn against the dangers of nuclear warfare. A lower bound on L can be estimated from the lifetime of our current civilization from the advent of radio astronomy in 1938 (dated from Grote Reber's parabolic dish radio telescope) to the current date. In 2004, this gives a lower bound on L of 66 years.

In an article in Scientific American, Michael Shermer estimated L as 420 years, based on compiling the durations of sixty historical civilizations. Using twenty-eight civilizations more recent than the Roman Empire he calculates a figure of 304 years for "modern" civilizations. Note, however, that the fall of most of these civilizations did not destroy their technology, and they were succeeded by later civilizations which carried on those technologies, so Shermer's estimates should be regarded as pessimistic.

Some computations of the Drake equation, given different assumptions:

R* = 10/year, fp = 0.5, ne = 2, fl = 1, fi = fc = 0.01, and L = 50 years N = 10 × 0.5 × 2 × 1 × 0.01 × 0.01 × 50 = 0.05

Alternatively, making some more optimistic assumptions, and assuming that 10% of civilisations become willing and able to communicate, and then spread through their local star systems for 100,000 years (a very short period in geologic time):

R* = 20/year, fp = 0.1, ne = 0.5, fl = 1, fi = 0.5, fc = 0.1, and L = 100,000 years N = 20 × 0.1 × 0.5 × 1 × 0.5 × 0.1 × 100000 = 5000

The remarkable thing about the Drake equation is that by plugging in apparently fairly plausible values for each of the parameters above, the resultant expectant value of N is generally often >> 1. However, this conflicts with the currently observed value of N = 1, namely ourselves. This conflict is often called the Fermi paradox. However those people who adhere to the premise of the Fermi Paradox believe that, due to a lack of evidence to the contrary, in all probability, humans (as a technologically advanced species) are effectively alone in at least our part of the Milky Way Galaxy. They further say that since we cannot yet determine the variables of the Drake Equation with any real confidence, we cannot determine the numbers of extraterrestrial civilizations based solely on this equation. We must therefore, they argue, rely on data collection - which is only now beginning to be collected in a significant manner. Only then can we even begin to presume what the values of each of the variables in the Drake equation are, they say.

Unidentified Flying Objects - Chinese Lanterns: The New Millennium's Swamp Gas

During Project Blue Book's operating years, 1947-1969, the military dismissed many UFO sightings away as natural phenomenon, including swamp gas, the planet Venus, stars, temperature inversions and sunlight reflecting off the bellies of migrating geese. One particular term was used much more often than the others, swamp gas. By definition, swamp or marsh gas is a gaseous product, chiefly methane, formed from decomposing vegetable matter, as in marshes. This explanation was picked up by the media and used whenever it seemed to fit. It's apparently much easier to accept this than the idea that we're not alone in the universe.

The investigation of UFOs must involve the elimination of conventional explanations, which could easily include any of these aforementioned items. One of the most recent items added to the debunking catalogue is Chinese lanterns, which are mostly collapsible paper lanterns, lit with a candle in the center, that are released during celebrations, such as weddings. These lanterns tend to glow white/orange, travel with the wind, and can be seen for quite a distance.

There have been many sightings lately that could possibly be explained by such lanterns, but hardly all of them should be dismissed away with this as the cause. Locally, in Bucks County Pennsylvania, several news agencies picked up on a large influx of UFO sightings. The next day, some visited a local shop that sold Chinese lanterns and claimed that these had to be the cause of the sightings. Dismissing the sheer number of different sizes and shapes, including saucers, boomerangs and egg shaped craft. Ironically, the lanterns that they lit barely made it off the ground, just like their explanation for these sightings.

The bottom line is yes, Chinese lanterns could be the cause of some UFO sightings. They're an unfamiliar aerial phenomenon, that when seen from a distance, multiple lights can appear to be one large solid craft. The same investigative approach needs to be taken when approach every sighting. All conventional explanations need to be ruled out first, before claiming anything is extraordinary. It's truly unfortunate that the news and media automatically accept this as the cause without doing any true investigative work of their own.

You decide, swamp gas, Chinese lanterns, or simply a convenient alternative to reality, an extraterrestrial spacecraft.

Alien Worlds

The species termed "Grey" has been in the most direct contact with humanity. They are responsible for initiating the abduction experience an also contact. In most instances these involve mind control, euphoria induced by unknown means, and possibly unknown experiments on human genes.

These Greys are said to be part of a system of hierarchy involving grasshopper like creatures, ones similar to flies, and generally the consensus is they are either insect, reptilian or crustacean. It has also been suggested they use a type of sonar which directly effects the human mind. Much like a dolphin only it is much more direct. The things to be noted are they (in my opinion) wear encounter suits as much to protect there physiology's as there true natures. I do believe based on Betty Hills descriptions of them entering another room and taking off there suits, an just the way she spoke of it they are most likely reptilian or crustacean. it is difficult to know if there mind control is biological or technical. There have also been reports of there eyes somehow effecting people, which is interesting because in many instances it is said the large eyes are merely lenses of a kind that protect there sensitive eyes. Furthermore this would seem to indicate they aren't use to the same lighting conditions as we are, so most likely aren't indigenous to our planets surface. But this does not in any way suggest they could not simply live somewhere deep in the earth. Let us say they are crustacean and exist in the ocean, which UFOs have been seen to leave. It would be a logical assumption they would have less light reaching there underwater cities. Most interesting are the ideas of entire islands being hidden (cloaked) from view. Many reports have come in that sailors have vanished, into nothingness, over particular areas. Perhaps they simply ran into something unexpected.

MK Ultra was a project consisting of mind experimentation. It included using LSD to alter the biochemical reactions of the brain to induce psychosis and other disorders. While being instituted by factions of the CIA it offered little future value because in the end electronic means of interfering are far more simple to construct. Getting close enough to anyone in order to have them ingest LSD is of little practical value when your enemy is hidden away. Also experiments in something known as Remote Viewing took place. Which was supposedly to allow government trained recruits to map out areas of interest using bio-location. Interestingly enough it seems to have been successful on some occasions, but not entirely. I believe the project either to be deeply classified now to no future end, or that it essentially has ended. Either way public notice will never again receive information in the US regarding this method or it's successes due to the highly volatile nature of such a thing should it begin to work flawlessly. Most interesting is whether the government in some way is causing the abduction phenomena or trying to prevent it.

I'd like to make 2 possible assumptions for the governments silence on not issuing notices worldwide the aliens are here. One scenario is that they know, have a great deal of knowledge on the matter, and are trying to obtain as much technology as possible. From the reports they are working directly with aliens so we must conclude that the government is decided on keeping the secrecy because it simply pays for no one to realize it is true. However might I also suggest they may have been issued an ultimatum, tell anyone on your world we exist and we'll invade. That's right my friends, what if the aliens are keeping hidden themselves an there agendas because of some sort of pact. Say if there presence becomes known they'll simply rampage humanity and earth taking whatever they wish, whomever they need. Far-fetched? Not I think now. Some aliens have even indicated they have the power to invade and wipe out half of humanity in a matter of no time at all. Given that fact they wouldn't be keeping hidden, unless it serves them better to view us in our natural surroundings. Not to interfere with our future population except in the genetic manipulations they're conducting. Yes it would seem to me they are quite willing to invade but choose to stay back in order to secretly maneuver. Using this method they can ensure future generations of humans, that building are made and technology progresses. When they've fully integrated into society then they will have the ability to control anything they wish. The mind control is an easy enough tool for them to put into play. So you'd have a race of slaves that didn't even realize they were slaves. And not realizing what could we possibly fight or do. Who would even believe that aliens were amongst us. Remember what the great researcher Zecheria Sitchin has written. The Annunaki came to earth to make slaves, but instead ended up with us. Some internal conflicts and eventually we forced them to leave. Also they'd followed the Martians to there home world and began doing exactly what they are now, but the Martians then left and escaped to Earth forming Atlantis & Lemuria. This is quite interesting because it is clear the Greys are following one primary agenda, integration!

Implants are being found in people, thus they are marked for there identities, and mind manipulation may play a role. Essentially the aliens are cataloging us, much like we insert chips within cattle to keep track of which ones are ours and what health related, breeding related, etc. may be present. The Greys are dangerous, and not friendly. They are cataloging the abductees like animals, waiting until they've been able to create the needed genetic manipulations to breed with our race and create the hybrid which can survive in our atmosphere & there own. Yet this gets even more frightening when you begin to consider the other plans they may have. Recently people have been taking pictures of aerial phenomena not named as alien spacecraft, but instead as some sort of life-forms. I am referring to the Rays. Seemingly intelligent and living worm-like creatures which seem to float through the atmosphere of our world. What are they, I'll tell you what I think they are! The Greys are doing far more than abducting citizens, they are terraformers! That's right. Everything in my research and thinking tells me that what is happening here is simple. The aliens interacting with us for some unknown reason is not that unknown. There world is dying, Zecharia Sitchin says it himself. Niburu needed gold dust to help the atmosphere to retain heat and keep the planet alive. That's exactly right! Niburu is dying, and whether it flies around every 3,600 hundred years or is even in this area of space, it's dying. The aliens can keep it alive only so long before they need to begin living elsewhere. And where else might this be? Earth! The Greys are genetically terraforming there own DNA to allow themselves to sneakily move into human society and survive on Earth. Even more annoying than such a dumb plan on there part is that they've introduced the Rays into our world! The Rays I believe not to have been present until recently and now are being seen more often. The Greys aren't just terraforming themselves, they're altering our planet to contain some of the life forms of there own. In the end this world Earth will be alien and have aliens all around. So we find the veal when lifted contains nothing but remarkably smart terraformers. Who would think to genetically modify there race in order to survive on any world, and who could but the Greys. In fact it's not been easy. They have been doing it for almost our entire history, and don't forget they still want slaves.

Slave race. There is a clear hierarchy involved with the aliens. Greys are on the bottom, then some kind of grasshopper like things, then what I call the Veloxi much like bees. There in my thought is also some kind of machine race that is possibly the highest intellect. Many abductees claim to hear electronic voices or commands given to the aliens. Much like machines. Greys are said to move in unison, but what if this is all the work of some kind of hyper intelligent machine. Interesting idea, and it seems to have incredible control. But that is a far fetched idea at best, yet one I think might be possible. In fact some telepathic communication has taken place with a device calling itself a machine and identifying it's name as, well I cannot remember the name right now, but rest assured this has taken place. It claimed to be near or on Mars and have much to do with the aliens. In fact one person asked it to produce these UFOs outside a window and suddenly they appeared. This incident made me think, perhaps the remote viewers are right and some kind of machine is manipulating matter in such a way as to create alien life. Vallee even suggested that holograms might be the true nature of these beings, but also he thought it impossible any hologram would be possessed of solid matter. Perhaps the idea of drawing together particles of air within a specific region is exactly what is taking place to create the UFO's and the alien life. That would account for it's variety, unusual nature (seeming to float or walk through walls) and much more. Also it may explain the reason they need our genes. Being merely holograms what hope could you have for anything if you couldn't break free and become real. What would be the point of this all, well it may be as I suspect the aliens are merely a tool for this machine to alter history. But the machine fails to realize the aliens are doing more than it has them programmed to. This is the far reaching analysis some remote viewers claim, and I cannot say it true for certain. I don't know what the hierarchy is but I urge no one to forget, machines can become very smart, almost gods.
Finishing what was begun. Well this is it, I've written enough for you to consider at the moment, but let me finish on this note, the Annunaki came and are responsible for creating humanity. They genetically wished to create a slave race and eventually through a lot of nonsense ended up with us. Then a few decided we had right to exist and the Annunaki were driven out. In fact we're told many times they Annunaki continued to try to make us slaves, but it always failed. So there planet dying, there race weak, they decided why not integrate into this world using the human genes, and then make them all slaves without there ever realizing it. The first step is the implanting of tracking devices an mind control devices into people. The next is integration, then final is integration and total reworking of the human society into a one entirely controlled by them. An also if there are any genetic experiments to do along the way, violent crimes to commit, well just go ahead and it won't matter. We'll be to busy worrying about terrorism, or war. In fact I suspect the stock market and other such things tools to keep humanity occupied while this secret invasion takes place. Of course do you want your world to be terraformed? To have your race turned into slaves, and to see the exploitation of humanity by another race or many races. I don't an I think the Greys are following some ruling class of species, but are as much responsible as the others.

What you must remember, the government may be keeping this secret to prevent outright invasion in order to offer some chance to overcome them all. And to any who believe the sightings of UFO's are to slowly acclimate us to them, you are right. They won't abandon there starships when they invade, those will be coming along too!

Sam DeRenzis
sderenzi@mail.com

New Mexico And it?s connections with Aliens- Velvet Cloak

UFO?s (in this document, a UFO refers to an extraterrestrial spacecraft) and Aliens (extraterrestrial beings) appear all over the Earth. Some places more than others. Some times more than others. These sudden increases in UFO and Alien activity are referred to as flaps or waves. Examples are like 1947 and 1954-for no apparent reasons, the number of UFO sightings increased dramatically. Warminster is another example, plagued by UFO?s for months for no reason. However, an entire country having a large share of UFO?s all the time! This is incredibly strange, perhaps even suspicious and some may even call it sinister. Countries plagued by UFO?s for a relatively short amount of time (Belgium and its Triangular UFO?s) is acceptable in the world of UFOlogy, but countries for no set amount of time-a continuous wave of UFO activity? There is such a place.

It is called New Mexico.

Possibly the most famous account of a UFO is the Roswell incident-an alleged crash, perhaps recovery of Alien bodies. I shall not explain this incident at all (after studying UFO?s and Aliens as much as I have, you grow very tired of the Roswell incident, I can hardly bear to read the word now as I must have read over fifty accounts of the case) but I will tell you one thing. Roswell is a town in New Mexico.

You may have read some of my other work on this website (under the alias Velvet Cloak or just Samuel), particularly my report on Dulce-the town apparently holding town to an evil and sinister base-allegedly holding all sorts of extraterrestrials and carrying out all kinds of terrible experiments. Here is a link to the report I submitted. To see more information on Dulce, go to the ?Secret Bases? bar and select Dulce. I highly recommend reading (at least) my report before reading further into this report.

For you see, Dulce is a town in New Mexico.

I am currently investigating a place called Datil. I have heard it has an involvement with UFO?s and Aliens. It may even hold a secret base. I think it was one of the places involved in the Dulce underground tube-travel system (that had a link to Area 51); I think it also had a link to Datil. I have heard similarly of a place called Sunspot. And, once again, of a place called Pie Town.

The interesting thing about this is the following.
Datil is a place in New Mexico.
Sunspot is a place in New Mexico.
Pie Town is a place in New Mexico.

So far we have found out that
Roswell
Dulce
Sunspot
And
Pie Town

Are places in New Mexico. This is strange enough, but not nearly the end. Read on.

Now read one of my favourite UFO cases ever. It tells of a place called Socorro.

Policeman Lonnie Zamora was thirty one years of age, and the day was April 24, 1964. He was driving along, whilst on patrol when he spotted a car going too fast. Naturally, he followed the car, but as he did so he heard (and saw) something that required his attention and presence much more. What he had heard was a very loud, thunder-like roar and a bluish-orange flame. He thought a shack had blown up, so he radioed headquarters, informing them of what he was doing, and drove down toward the ?shack?.

Once he had come closer to the shack, it was clearer that it had not, in fact, exploded. Instead he saw a shiny object, around hundreds of yards away. Contradictory to his first thoughts, the shiny object was not a car. It was egg-shaped, and around the size of a medium-ish car.

He then noticed a strange red symbol, or insignia on the object. Then he saw the strangest thing of all-two ?people?, in white overalls, standing near the object. Zamora assumed they were children. He radioed once more, and moved in for a closer look.

But then, incredibly the object lifted off the ground. A large engine suddenly roared with power and that bluish-orange flamed reared up again from the bottom of the craft. He retreaded, it seemed it was going to explode! He then called a fellow officer, near him and told him to look out the window. Unfortunately, he looked out the wrong window!

Soon police were all over the area, and discovered landing marks matching Zamora?s description (of the craft). This is an absolutely brilliant and famous case, and with an interesting twist. You see, later, a SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence) satellite was built-of all places-at Socorro.

Socorro is in New Mexico.
themasterexploder@hotmail.com

KIROAN-Peter J. Rosado's Theories(unknown person)

Ever since i was little i have been involved with alien stuff, since the apparent abduction of my parents and my own believed my hunger has grown for all things paranormal... now, i have concocted a theory:

The Greys, there are many types of gray aliens, there are those that are involved with our government. These types of grays have a truce lets say with our government, the truce is that they need an enzime that comes from the blood of humans and animals to fend off an illness that they posess. The illness is much like hepatitis, the skin turns yellow, hence the alien in the video interview convulsing, that was the sickness.

How do they get the enzime? Cattle Mutilations... They use a vessel, the so called chupacabra, it drains the blood of off animals and brings it to the grays. The first case of human mutilation was but a mistake from this aliens, i believe the government let them know that what they did wasnt right, and so they opted to slay the creatures of poor farmers.

These aliens have given the USA the technology that they have, and other extraterretrial races frown at this (such as the pleidians who believe that no superior race should intervene in evolutions). The USA fears that if revealed other nations would make pacts with these aliens (taking advantage of the illness) and gain the upper hand, so they keep a tight lip.

These aliens are trying to find a way to cure themselves and so they experiment with the animals organs to look for the right enzime and the cure for their illness. Another theory may be that this sickness is highly contagious, and so the government doesnt want a plague (like the government really cares bout us yeah right). All this things i said are not of my invention but a recopilation of data through my life and stitchings of events... thank u

Skinwalkers, UFOs And Other High Strangeness In Utah

On Jan. 10, 2006, award-winning Las Vegas journalist/UFOlogist George Knapp and Dr. Colm Kelleher, formerly head scientific researcher for the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) were guests on George Noory?s ?Coast to Coast AM? radio show. The guests were interviewed about their new book, ?The Hunt for the Skinwalker,? chronicling the extremely bizarre happenings that have occurred for more than 50 years on a 400+ acre farm in Northeast Utah. Bigfoot, UFOs, invisible entities, giant wolves, animal mutilations ? this case has it all.

The spooky Utah ranch, situated between Vernal and Roosevelt, came to the attention of NIDS in 1996 when NIDS? founder, Robert Bigelow, purchased the ranch from the owners. Bigelow then sent Kelleher and a team of scientists out to the property armed with every kind of advanced technology that you can imagine to try and document the nearly 100 paranormal events at the ranch. George Knapp, too, went on site to investigate. But what they discovered there produced more questions than answers.

After purchasing the property in 1994, ?The Gormans? (not their real name) stayed there only twenty months. They complained of being driven nearly insane by the odd happenings. Inside their home, the owners were terrorized by disembodied voices, shadowy figures, and objects moving by an invisible force and then being hidden or otherwise displaced. Outside, things were even weirder.

The Gormans had owned four prize bulls that were kept in a pen that included a small utilities trailer. After numerous happenings, the owner remarked to his wife that he hoped nothing bad happened to his bulls because that would severely affect them financially. The owners then left for an errand. When they returned, the bulls were nowhere to be found.

The owners searched the area to no avail and then went to the trailer. The entrance was locked, so the owner looked in the window. Packed inside like sardines were the four bulls, appearing to be in some kind of placid trance.

Anyone who knows anything about bulls knows that they are powerful and willful. It?s extremely difficult to imagine one bull being put into such a small space, let alone four of them.

When the owner called to his wife that he had found the bulls, the animals seemed to awaken and then began doing what bulls do when they are penned up against their will ? they kicked the trailer apart trying to get out. Before selling the ranch to NIDS, the Gormans lost a total of 12 cattle that were mysteriously mutilated.

In another terrifying event, the owners saw a huge wolves that defied all logic. They were nearly as large as their Chevy Chevette. In one event, the witness watched in horror as one wolf attacked a calf in a corral. The owners fired a 357 Magnum point blank at the beast, but it seemed unharmed. When the owners followed the wolf tracks into the brush, the tracks disappeared as if in thin air.

In 1996, Mr. Gorman saw a strange, small blue orb floating over his property. He unleashed his guard dogs who chased the object into a dense thicket. He soon heard a yelping and later found three circles of a gelatinous substance. Gorman could explain it no other way than to conclude that his dogs had been vaporized, Kelleher reported.

Another time, a refrigerator-shaped UFO rose from the ground right in front of the witnesses and took off into the sky. There was also some kind of Bigfoot creature that roamed the area, leaving footprints.

The local native American tribes, the Utes, were reluctant to speak of the area, but Knapp was finally able to interview some of them. They told Knapp in no uncertain terms that the ranch was haunted by ?Skinwalkers? ? pure evil shapeshifters. The Utes advised Knapp to avoid the place altogether?.

I discovered a few interesting facts about the location of the ranch that may ultimately prove some kind of connection to the bizarre events. The farm is near the highest mountain range in Utah -- the Uintas -- the only mountain range in the contiguous U.S. that is east-west oriented. This area of Northeast Utah is also home to the world?s oldest dinosaur fossils. The ancient energy of this area could possibly lend itself to UFO-paranormal happenings ? and the entities that create them.

The Utah Skinwalker story also reminded me of the famous UFO-paranormal case of a Colorado rancher and family that had been reported by Timothy Good in his book, ?Alien Liason.? (Good?s book includes a strong commentary in support by none other than Great Britain?s Lord Hill-Norton, Chief of Defence Staff 1971-3, Lord of the Fleet who became a staunch ally of Ufologists following Britain?s Bentwaters-Rendlesham Forest UFO case.) Colorado borders Utah, both states are part of the Four Corners region, and many of the same phenomena are present in both cases.

In his interview, George Knapp suggested that the Northeast area of Utah is home to some kind of inter-dimensional portal that allows unearthly creatures to pass from their reality into ours.

Ufology has a long history with paranormal events. Though the final answers still elude us, what we can say is that there appears to be a connection between these phenomenological events and the more that we investigate them, the clearer that connection seems to be.

Ann Barnett
annbarnet@myway.com

Spirituality vs. Religion

Spirituality says that god is within us and that we don't need anyone else to make that divine connection for us.

Religion says that we are separated from god and that we need "them" to make that divine connection.

Spirituality says that we are free to make choices on our own and that we must take personal responsibility for our actions.

Religion says we must make their choices and act their way.

The theme of spirituality is unconditional love.

The theme of religion is fear and guilt.

Spirituality does not require us to make donations.

Religion has become big business.

Spirituality says there is no hell, no judgement, no angry god... That we are loved unconditionally.

Religion says there is a hell, god gets angry and judges us... Therefore, we are not loved unconditionally.

Spirituality says we are free to choose our own path to god.

Religion commands us to do it their way.

Spirituality says we go to god to lighten our burden.

Religion has taught us to fear their god.

Spirituality says we should not be ashamed of our sexuality... That it should be a sacred celebration of love.

Religion has taught us to feel ashamed, guilty and dirty about our sexuality.

Spirituality teaches us to honor and respect mother earth.

Religion has told us to "be thou fruitful, multiply and subdue the earth" I repeat... "Subdue the earth.

Spirituality reminds us that we are one with god and one with each other.

Religion teaches disunity and separation which is the opposite of god.

Spirituality says god is within.

Religion says he is in heaven and that "they" are the only intermediaries for you.

Spirituality says we are born in innocence and purity.

Religion says we are born with sin.

Spirituality teaches that we are on a long spiritual adventure and journey which will ultimately end by reuniting with our source.

Religion says we've got one life to get it all right and there is nothing but heaven or hell after that

Spirituality says we are free to express.

Religion gave us the dreaded inquisition.

Spirituality teaches unconditional love for all.

Religion gave us the crusades in which many were killed and slaughtered in the name of god.

Spirituality teaches that we should love one another unconditionally and always honor the rights and choices of others.

Religion treated native Americans, the Mayans and other indigenous cultures as savage primitives who "must be saved".

Spirituality teaches peace and harmony.

Religion has caused more wars and more killing than any other reason.

Spirituality says respect all living things.

I never once heard any religion say stop slaughtering millions of trees every year for Christ's birthday.

Spirituality teaches us to have faith in ourselves.

Religion teaches us to have faith in them.

Spirituality says we have all the answers... That we can find them by "going within."

Religion teaches us that it has all the answers and only its answers are the right ones.

Spirituality teaches us to search for the universal truths and our hearts will tell us when we have found them.

Religion teaches we have no choice but to accept their version of the truth.

Which one feels better to you? Spirituality or religion?

Go to your heart for the answer, it will never lie to you.