Many people believe in UFOs but they have a hard time figuring out who are controlling them and what their origins are. Could UFOs be aliens visiting Earth in spaceships? Or, could they be secret government air crafts which are being kept away from the public? To answer this question we must first see how long UFOs have been around. If we look in the bible, we can find a more popular UFO sighting by Ezekiel who described them as "Wheels in the Sky." We can also find depictions of Flying Saucers in ancient artwork, such as "The Madonna with Saint Giovannino". So their is no question that people have seen UFOs for thousands of years. If UFOs were man made, why were they seen thousands of years ago? We certainly cant assume the ancient Greeks or Romans created these magnificent craft which are better than ours today. The only possibility is that they are aliens, or non-human origin. But just to be certain, lets look at how the military handled the situation. From 1947-1969 the government made an official investigation on UFOs.
These projects were called "Sign," "Grudge," and "Bluebook." But only Bluebook was available to the public, project Sign and Grudge were kept classified until later on. So if these were American crafts, why did they start an investigation on them? During WW2 the military also encountered UFOs called "Foo-Fighters." If these UFOs were German or Japanese, why didn't they do any damage to the American air crafts? The only thing the "Foo-Fighters" did was spook the American crews by dancing around the aircraft and sometimes causing electrical problems. But the electrical problems are not uncommon, many citizens have encountered UFOs which shut down their cars and other electrical devices. So if the "Foo-Fighters" were German or Japanese, why didn't they at less equip them with explosives or gun power?
The military also captured both German and Japanese crew members who claim to have encountered the UFOs too, they thought the UFOs were American or Russian. Not only have UFOs been around for thousands of years and have caught the attention of the military but people have been abducted by them. In 1961, Betty and Barney Hill were abducted by a UFO in New Hampshire (You can read their story here: click here). After their experience they went under hypnosis to recover the memories of the abduction. Betty Hill revealed, under hypnosis, a star map that was show to her by an alien. This star map showed 2 star systems called Zeta Reteculi 1 and 2. These star systems were not discovered until 1969! If they faked their experience how could they have know that? One would assume it was just a lucky guess because our universe is so big but Zeta Reteculi 1 and 2 are extremely close stars. Not only did they have their star map as proof but the UFO was also confirmed by the air force. Betty Hill also passed a lie detector on live television which showed a high rate of truthfulness. However, this is just a small fragment of evidence which shows UFOs are Extra Terrestrial. After looking at the evidence, one would conclude UFOs are NOT ours.
~KIROAN~
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Wednesday, May 18, 2011
Universes - are there more than one?
We all know that our universe is huge, and vast.....But is there really more than 1? Evidence points toward yes.
I have seen that, UFOs defy the laws of physics. What if, in other universes, there are different laws of physics?
For instance, they can hover and do loops in 1 place. Perhaps the UFOs were built to obey the laws of physics in their own universe? Then they would not have to obey this universe's laws of physics.
Another example is the smell in the location of landing sites. The charred ground and smell could point to an energy source that is not found in this universe or not used in this universe.
I have come to the conclusion that some Alien races are from other universes, and that there is more than just our universe.
I have seen that, UFOs defy the laws of physics. What if, in other universes, there are different laws of physics?
For instance, they can hover and do loops in 1 place. Perhaps the UFOs were built to obey the laws of physics in their own universe? Then they would not have to obey this universe's laws of physics.
Another example is the smell in the location of landing sites. The charred ground and smell could point to an energy source that is not found in this universe or not used in this universe.
I have come to the conclusion that some Alien races are from other universes, and that there is more than just our universe.
We all came from space
I have theory that we all came from space and they are just keeping an eye on us. Like visiting a living lab. But they were unable to live here so they mutated the genetic code of primates in different areas. Incorporating some alien genes in with our own. They have been visiting us for a millennia and when we were really primitive we related them to gods. The bible is just another ufo story. I think we will find out in our life time. Too much evidence and we are on the brink of great technology. They know we are going to discover the truth! I don't think the government know either. Don't believe in all this conspiracy nonsense. The aliens will let us know when we are ready otherwise it could be catastrophe. Religion would rebel and try make us think they are demons or some crap.
Why haven't aliens shown up?
Many skeptics say the reason Extra Terrestrials do not exist is because if they do, they would be living with us or they would be landing in our backyards. Why are they so mysterious? I have some theories which I will explain.
We live in a world full of violence, religion, war, and prejudice. I believe they KNOW this. We have evidence that shows Extra Terrestrials have been hovering in our skies for thousands of years and they have even landing on Earth. This clearly shows that Extra Terrestrials are learning Human emotions and culture, so Extra Terrestrials obviously know about our religions. In the 1940s, UFOs have been seen by pilots in war and are known as "Foo Fighters," so this shows us that Extra Terrestrials know about our violent wars.
Try to imagine what would happen if aliens showed up in our modern world. Religious leaders would cry out, "Demons!" Just as Pat Robertson has already done. Our media would probably make crazy assumptions that they are invaders from mars (If they were, they would have done this a long time ago). And who knows what the government would do! They have been denying the subject for over 50 years and there are many reasons why. If Extra Terrestrials showed up, it is obvious that the government would not like it. So, Extra Terrestrials have seen our wars and they have seen how violent we are to each other, It is very possible that the reason they do not want to show up is because they are afraid of government conflict.
We still live in a world of misunderstandings and confusion so if they knew this, they would probably want to wait until we are mature enough to accept their reality. People like Pat Robertson are sure to be unhappy with the situation. If Extra Terrestrials told us about our true history and the mysteries of existence, people would probably have to stop their beliefs and religion. Many religious leaders would hate this and possibly commit violent acts, such as a war.
We live in a world full of violence, religion, war, and prejudice. I believe they KNOW this. We have evidence that shows Extra Terrestrials have been hovering in our skies for thousands of years and they have even landing on Earth. This clearly shows that Extra Terrestrials are learning Human emotions and culture, so Extra Terrestrials obviously know about our religions. In the 1940s, UFOs have been seen by pilots in war and are known as "Foo Fighters," so this shows us that Extra Terrestrials know about our violent wars.
Try to imagine what would happen if aliens showed up in our modern world. Religious leaders would cry out, "Demons!" Just as Pat Robertson has already done. Our media would probably make crazy assumptions that they are invaders from mars (If they were, they would have done this a long time ago). And who knows what the government would do! They have been denying the subject for over 50 years and there are many reasons why. If Extra Terrestrials showed up, it is obvious that the government would not like it. So, Extra Terrestrials have seen our wars and they have seen how violent we are to each other, It is very possible that the reason they do not want to show up is because they are afraid of government conflict.
We still live in a world of misunderstandings and confusion so if they knew this, they would probably want to wait until we are mature enough to accept their reality. People like Pat Robertson are sure to be unhappy with the situation. If Extra Terrestrials told us about our true history and the mysteries of existence, people would probably have to stop their beliefs and religion. Many religious leaders would hate this and possibly commit violent acts, such as a war.
Alien Invasion: How it Will Happen? Truth or Science Fiction?
Our destruction by a ruthless alien invasion, nd rumors by mass media, denoting September 29th as the date of an alien invasion. I had also watched a 'documentary' on Belgium and all the sightings they were having of UFO's that looked not too different from our own flying stealth planes - apart from their much greater speed and silent running.
how this alien invasion would come?. Initially i think it would be like our normal wars. We would 'see' our enemy. Given they have interplanetary space flight, their weapons would have to be at least 50 years more advanced than ours (NASA will have nuclear powered spacecraft by the end of this decade). By setting up satellites several times the distance of the earth from the moon, the aliens would be able to target us while we slept in bed. Within one rotation of the earth, the vast majority of us would be killed in our sleep. The problem with this scenerio, as with most hollywood scenerios, is it's extraordinarily intensive in action, high in energy expenditure and it has an obvious alien invasion at hand, that can be identified as being out there.
Consider how paranoid the super powers of this Earth are now, with the idea that someone or group on our own planet might engage in biological warfare. Iraq was wiped out for the thought that they may possess biological (virus/bacteria) weapons. The government of Great Brittain, only a few days ago, decided to spend millions of pounds to notify all of its inhabitants in writing, to begin stockpiling water and canned food, because the threat of a biological attack by a terrorist group had become so real.
No need for big booming guns and tactical assault planes and home made or stolen nuclear bombs. Now we are to be killed by alien invaders with bacteria and viruses that they throw into the air or drop into our water.
So, given how cheap and effective the biological weapons are, how the terrorists can remain faceless and even be inocculated against these terrible things, laughing at their enemy while they die all around them, it stands to reason that an alien invasion would follow the same path. After all, why would the alien invaders risk losing their own soldiers in a battle they don't even have to fight? Consider the Iraqi war, a small number of Iraqi soldiers were positioned in a small building, rather than risk their own soldiers in flushing them out, the Americans just called in the artillery to wipe the Iraqi position out. So we should expect no different from the alien invaders.
Let us assume that the alien biological weapon has been carefully tailored by it's hard hearted creators to attack us humans. Let us further assume that their weapon has at least a 99% kill rate. So, out of every 100 humans, only one will be left alive. A city of 5 million souls becomes a city of 50,000 with 4,950,000 bodies.
What then awaits that 50,000?
At this time there is no indication to mankind that their is anything out there perpetrating this murderous rampage. We put it down to terrorists or a natural outbreak. So there is no sense of a common enemy to be fought to rally the remaining humans.
The first thoughts involve survival. A supermarket's dairy, meat, deli and fresh foods wont last more than a week or two before the food goes off. So after two weeks your left with the frozen food, dry foods and canned foods. If the electricity shuts down, for example, the coal burning generators run out of coal, which presumably wouldn't take long, perhaps a day at most, then the frozen food section goes down, leaving only canned and dry foods. Also, when the electricity fails, the water pumps stop pumping water through the city, so bottled water becomes the only safe water source - given that 80 people would consume about 160 litres of drinking water a day, that supermarket is going to run out very, very fast. Dry within a few days. (Why 80 people? Well, I live in a town of about 24,000 people. We have three large supermarkets. One percent of 24,000 is 240. 240/3 is 80.)
If electricity is maintained for a few more days or weeks, for example through hydro electricity, the water still becomes unsafe, as the chemicals added to the water to make it safe runs out, letting contaminated water run through the pipes. Why contaminated? That's why they use the chlorine now. Water has never been a safe drink - people drinking water have died from water born viruses and bacteria for at least the past few hundred years - I don't see when it would have ever been different.
So, safe drinking water ends with the last bottle of bottled water.
Now, after two weeks the stench and disease from the rotting 4,950,000 bodies would be pretty obvious. With 99 bodies to every 1 person living, burning them is highly unlikley because of the risk from handling the dead and the risk of the fire spreading. Besides, when you're focused on survival, who has time to spend so much time gathering their 'share' of the dead and burying them? Rat and cockroach numbers would be flourishing. Most people alive would likely be trying to leave the cities to find more food and avoid the stench and impending plagues. A few would likely try to survive in the inner city, away from the suburbs and the corpses, not realising the vermon will enter the inner city looking for food as the meat is devoured, bringing with them plagues of different illnesses.
I suspect the city would be devoid of all human life within a few short months.
This scenario assumes a rapid kill rate, but as the aliens are intelligent, they will likely use a slower acting virus, one that kills in about two to three weeks. That way, the living will be focused on saving their loved ones, feeding their loved ones...that way, even more of those who survive the biological alien assault will be much less likely to survive themselves, as they have used up basically all the food and water in the city before their loved ones have even died. Human attachment to each other would be perfect for using against us by aliens. With so many dying, there would be no one to power/repair the generators, bring new food in...Petrol pumps stop working when the generators go down as well, so it becomes longer and harder to extract it - manually of course. Also, the petrol suplies are not being replenished over the period when everyone is focused on keeping their kin alive.
Most people escaping, being so unfamiliar with survival, would then perish in the countryside. Food takes months to grow, few would know what to eat off the land. The large grain fed cattle stations would be void of life, as the cattle would die of starvation from not being fed.
Is anywhere safe? No. The aliens would deposit the virus in a multitude of locations to wipe us out. How would the aliens deploy the virus? To avoid detection they might use transporter technology. Our scientists are already able to transport very tiny particles, such as that found in light, using transporter technology (you know, like the Star Trek beam me up thingy). So, add another fifty years to our technology, transporting a virus that way should be feasible. So it would be feasible to the invading aliens now. Even if transporter technology is still not that efficent in fifty years in our technology, low flying stealth probes, which we could not detect, could easily disperse the virus quickly and effiently throughout our atmosphere and or water ways - but air would be the easiest to contaminate and something we do all breathe after all.
Now these aliens are smarter than this yet again, rather than just use one virus with 99+% kill rate, the aliens add another virus which then kills another 99+%. So the 50,000 who survived one virus is then reduced to 500. Add another virus and you bring that 500 down to five. Australia is reduced to a population of around 15 to 20 souls - extinction time for the human species. To be on the safe side, the alien invaders add a fourth virus to their cocktail, which presumably kills just about all of us off around the world, not quite all of us, but so close to all of us that it doesn't really matter.
The advantage of the multiple cocktail approach is that it assures virtual extinction in a short period of time and makes it much harder for any scientest to work out exactly what they are trying to fight within the two to three weeks they are left to live in. The alien invasion is achieved then in a matter of weeks.
Why would this slightly more technologically advanced alien specie want to wipe us out? Invariably it's to increase their own wealth and or power. Contrary to popular belief, it is now realised in scientific circles that oil is a renewable resource. It is created through an interaction that happens to carbon as it is moved up through the mantle:
"The theory is simple: Crude oil forms as a natural inorganic process which occurs between the mantle and the crust, somewhere between 5 and 20 miles deep. The proposed mechanism is as follows:
Methane (CH4) is a common molecule found in quantity throughout our solar system - huge concentrations exist at great depth in the Earth.
At the mantle-crust interface, roughly 20,000 feet beneath the surface, rapidly rising streams of compressed methane-based gasses hit pockets of high temperature causing the condensation of heavier hydrocarbons. The product of this condensation is commonly known as crude oil.
Some compressed methane-based gasses migrate into pockets and reservoirs we extract as "natural gas."
Our core is molten, super heated - hot! Many other planets wont generate oil, or only very little, because their planets core has cooled too much - ours will eventually cool down too. So oil for the aliens may be a big issue, particularly if the alien planet has poor alternate energy sources - remember they are only perhaps 50+ years more advanced than us. The aliens may want our water, trees, perhaps even use our planet for tourist reasons - the last remaining humans could be rounded up and put in zoos or stuffed and sent to museums.
Fiction? Didn't Hitler try doing that to the Jews - take their wealth and wipe them out. Are we really any different? Has man's biological makeup evolved so much in 60 years? Has our genetics changed at all? So why should we think the Aliens would be any different to us.
To make a better world, make yourself a better person.
~KIROAN~
how this alien invasion would come?. Initially i think it would be like our normal wars. We would 'see' our enemy. Given they have interplanetary space flight, their weapons would have to be at least 50 years more advanced than ours (NASA will have nuclear powered spacecraft by the end of this decade). By setting up satellites several times the distance of the earth from the moon, the aliens would be able to target us while we slept in bed. Within one rotation of the earth, the vast majority of us would be killed in our sleep. The problem with this scenerio, as with most hollywood scenerios, is it's extraordinarily intensive in action, high in energy expenditure and it has an obvious alien invasion at hand, that can be identified as being out there.
Consider how paranoid the super powers of this Earth are now, with the idea that someone or group on our own planet might engage in biological warfare. Iraq was wiped out for the thought that they may possess biological (virus/bacteria) weapons. The government of Great Brittain, only a few days ago, decided to spend millions of pounds to notify all of its inhabitants in writing, to begin stockpiling water and canned food, because the threat of a biological attack by a terrorist group had become so real.
No need for big booming guns and tactical assault planes and home made or stolen nuclear bombs. Now we are to be killed by alien invaders with bacteria and viruses that they throw into the air or drop into our water.
So, given how cheap and effective the biological weapons are, how the terrorists can remain faceless and even be inocculated against these terrible things, laughing at their enemy while they die all around them, it stands to reason that an alien invasion would follow the same path. After all, why would the alien invaders risk losing their own soldiers in a battle they don't even have to fight? Consider the Iraqi war, a small number of Iraqi soldiers were positioned in a small building, rather than risk their own soldiers in flushing them out, the Americans just called in the artillery to wipe the Iraqi position out. So we should expect no different from the alien invaders.
Let us assume that the alien biological weapon has been carefully tailored by it's hard hearted creators to attack us humans. Let us further assume that their weapon has at least a 99% kill rate. So, out of every 100 humans, only one will be left alive. A city of 5 million souls becomes a city of 50,000 with 4,950,000 bodies.
What then awaits that 50,000?
At this time there is no indication to mankind that their is anything out there perpetrating this murderous rampage. We put it down to terrorists or a natural outbreak. So there is no sense of a common enemy to be fought to rally the remaining humans.
The first thoughts involve survival. A supermarket's dairy, meat, deli and fresh foods wont last more than a week or two before the food goes off. So after two weeks your left with the frozen food, dry foods and canned foods. If the electricity shuts down, for example, the coal burning generators run out of coal, which presumably wouldn't take long, perhaps a day at most, then the frozen food section goes down, leaving only canned and dry foods. Also, when the electricity fails, the water pumps stop pumping water through the city, so bottled water becomes the only safe water source - given that 80 people would consume about 160 litres of drinking water a day, that supermarket is going to run out very, very fast. Dry within a few days. (Why 80 people? Well, I live in a town of about 24,000 people. We have three large supermarkets. One percent of 24,000 is 240. 240/3 is 80.)
If electricity is maintained for a few more days or weeks, for example through hydro electricity, the water still becomes unsafe, as the chemicals added to the water to make it safe runs out, letting contaminated water run through the pipes. Why contaminated? That's why they use the chlorine now. Water has never been a safe drink - people drinking water have died from water born viruses and bacteria for at least the past few hundred years - I don't see when it would have ever been different.
So, safe drinking water ends with the last bottle of bottled water.
Now, after two weeks the stench and disease from the rotting 4,950,000 bodies would be pretty obvious. With 99 bodies to every 1 person living, burning them is highly unlikley because of the risk from handling the dead and the risk of the fire spreading. Besides, when you're focused on survival, who has time to spend so much time gathering their 'share' of the dead and burying them? Rat and cockroach numbers would be flourishing. Most people alive would likely be trying to leave the cities to find more food and avoid the stench and impending plagues. A few would likely try to survive in the inner city, away from the suburbs and the corpses, not realising the vermon will enter the inner city looking for food as the meat is devoured, bringing with them plagues of different illnesses.
I suspect the city would be devoid of all human life within a few short months.
This scenario assumes a rapid kill rate, but as the aliens are intelligent, they will likely use a slower acting virus, one that kills in about two to three weeks. That way, the living will be focused on saving their loved ones, feeding their loved ones...that way, even more of those who survive the biological alien assault will be much less likely to survive themselves, as they have used up basically all the food and water in the city before their loved ones have even died. Human attachment to each other would be perfect for using against us by aliens. With so many dying, there would be no one to power/repair the generators, bring new food in...Petrol pumps stop working when the generators go down as well, so it becomes longer and harder to extract it - manually of course. Also, the petrol suplies are not being replenished over the period when everyone is focused on keeping their kin alive.
Most people escaping, being so unfamiliar with survival, would then perish in the countryside. Food takes months to grow, few would know what to eat off the land. The large grain fed cattle stations would be void of life, as the cattle would die of starvation from not being fed.
Is anywhere safe? No. The aliens would deposit the virus in a multitude of locations to wipe us out. How would the aliens deploy the virus? To avoid detection they might use transporter technology. Our scientists are already able to transport very tiny particles, such as that found in light, using transporter technology (you know, like the Star Trek beam me up thingy). So, add another fifty years to our technology, transporting a virus that way should be feasible. So it would be feasible to the invading aliens now. Even if transporter technology is still not that efficent in fifty years in our technology, low flying stealth probes, which we could not detect, could easily disperse the virus quickly and effiently throughout our atmosphere and or water ways - but air would be the easiest to contaminate and something we do all breathe after all.
Now these aliens are smarter than this yet again, rather than just use one virus with 99+% kill rate, the aliens add another virus which then kills another 99+%. So the 50,000 who survived one virus is then reduced to 500. Add another virus and you bring that 500 down to five. Australia is reduced to a population of around 15 to 20 souls - extinction time for the human species. To be on the safe side, the alien invaders add a fourth virus to their cocktail, which presumably kills just about all of us off around the world, not quite all of us, but so close to all of us that it doesn't really matter.
The advantage of the multiple cocktail approach is that it assures virtual extinction in a short period of time and makes it much harder for any scientest to work out exactly what they are trying to fight within the two to three weeks they are left to live in. The alien invasion is achieved then in a matter of weeks.
Why would this slightly more technologically advanced alien specie want to wipe us out? Invariably it's to increase their own wealth and or power. Contrary to popular belief, it is now realised in scientific circles that oil is a renewable resource. It is created through an interaction that happens to carbon as it is moved up through the mantle:
"The theory is simple: Crude oil forms as a natural inorganic process which occurs between the mantle and the crust, somewhere between 5 and 20 miles deep. The proposed mechanism is as follows:
Methane (CH4) is a common molecule found in quantity throughout our solar system - huge concentrations exist at great depth in the Earth.
At the mantle-crust interface, roughly 20,000 feet beneath the surface, rapidly rising streams of compressed methane-based gasses hit pockets of high temperature causing the condensation of heavier hydrocarbons. The product of this condensation is commonly known as crude oil.
Some compressed methane-based gasses migrate into pockets and reservoirs we extract as "natural gas."
Our core is molten, super heated - hot! Many other planets wont generate oil, or only very little, because their planets core has cooled too much - ours will eventually cool down too. So oil for the aliens may be a big issue, particularly if the alien planet has poor alternate energy sources - remember they are only perhaps 50+ years more advanced than us. The aliens may want our water, trees, perhaps even use our planet for tourist reasons - the last remaining humans could be rounded up and put in zoos or stuffed and sent to museums.
Fiction? Didn't Hitler try doing that to the Jews - take their wealth and wipe them out. Are we really any different? Has man's biological makeup evolved so much in 60 years? Has our genetics changed at all? So why should we think the Aliens would be any different to us.
To make a better world, make yourself a better person.
~KIROAN~
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
Mayan civilization Downfall &Todays 2012
1618 was the date when by “coincident” Mayans were conquered by Spanish army and one of Mayans calendars were one the near end.
The beginning of the 12th bak’tun (1618 AD)
The last great Maya empire, the Itza of Lake Peten, sent emissaries to the Spanish announcing they are ready to embrace the change the turn of cycles will bring.
It was this last bak’tun, when the Spanish conquered Lake Peten and captured king Kan Ek, that provides special insight into the Maya beliefs about the turn of a bak’tun. In the year 1617, Kan Ek sent emissaries to Merida to inform the Spanish that the 12th bak’tun was near and that they were prepared for the change it would bring. The Spanish interpreted this as a willingness to be converted to Christianity and a race between various missionary groups began for the credit of being to the first to finally convert the mighty Itza. With the priests came the soldiers, and the inevitable end. While they Itza certainly were not planning their own demise, they were right that a time of great change was upon them.
This is how Mayans embraced new age, how will we ? Will it benefit us ?
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
How the heart works, and how it can cause sudden death
In order to understand why sudden death can happen, it helps to understand how the heart works.
The heart is a specialised muscle that contracts regularly and continuously, pumping blood to the body and the lungs. The pumping action is caused by a flow of electricity through the heart that repeats itself in a cycle. If this electrical activity is disrupted - for example by a disturbance in the heart's rhythm known as an 'arrhythmia' - it can affect the heart's ability to pump properly.
Figure 1: How the heart functions electrically
The heart's natural pacemaker - the SA node - sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node. The impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump out the blood. The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and the blood from the left ventricle goes to the body.
The heart has four chambers - two at the top (the atria) and two at the bottom (the ventricles). The normal trigger for the heart to contract arises from the heart's natural pacemaker, the SA node, which is in the top chamber (see the diagram, right). The SA node sends out regular electrical impulses causing the atrium to contract and to pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse then passes to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node (atrio-ventricular node). This electrical impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump blood to the lungs and the body. Chemicals which circulate in the blood, and which are released by the nerves that regulate the heart, alter the speed of the pacemaker and the force of the pumping action of the ventricles. For example, adrenaline increases the heart rate and the volume of blood pumped by the heart.
A death is described as sudden when it occurs unexpectedly, spontaneously and/or even dramatically. Some will be unwitnessed; some may occur during sleep or during or just after exercise. Most sudden deaths are due to a heart condition and are then called sudden cardiac death (SCD). Up to 95 in every 100 sudden cardiac deaths are due to disease that causes abnormality of the structure of the heart. The actual mechanism of death is most commonly a serious disturbance of the heart's rhythm known as a 'ventricular arrhythmia' (a disturbance in the heart rhythm in the ventricles) or 'ventricular tachycardia' (a rapid heart rate in the ventricles). This can disrupt the ability of the ventricles to pump blood effectively to the body and can cause a loss of all blood pressure. This is known as a cardiac arrest. If this problem is not resolved in about two minutes, and if no-one is available to begin resuscitation, the brain and heart become significantly damaged and death follows quickly.
The heart is a specialised muscle that contracts regularly and continuously, pumping blood to the body and the lungs. The pumping action is caused by a flow of electricity through the heart that repeats itself in a cycle. If this electrical activity is disrupted - for example by a disturbance in the heart's rhythm known as an 'arrhythmia' - it can affect the heart's ability to pump properly.
Figure 1: How the heart functions electrically
The heart's natural pacemaker - the SA node - sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node. The impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump out the blood. The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and the blood from the left ventricle goes to the body.
The heart has four chambers - two at the top (the atria) and two at the bottom (the ventricles). The normal trigger for the heart to contract arises from the heart's natural pacemaker, the SA node, which is in the top chamber (see the diagram, right). The SA node sends out regular electrical impulses causing the atrium to contract and to pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse then passes to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node (atrio-ventricular node). This electrical impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump blood to the lungs and the body. Chemicals which circulate in the blood, and which are released by the nerves that regulate the heart, alter the speed of the pacemaker and the force of the pumping action of the ventricles. For example, adrenaline increases the heart rate and the volume of blood pumped by the heart.
A death is described as sudden when it occurs unexpectedly, spontaneously and/or even dramatically. Some will be unwitnessed; some may occur during sleep or during or just after exercise. Most sudden deaths are due to a heart condition and are then called sudden cardiac death (SCD). Up to 95 in every 100 sudden cardiac deaths are due to disease that causes abnormality of the structure of the heart. The actual mechanism of death is most commonly a serious disturbance of the heart's rhythm known as a 'ventricular arrhythmia' (a disturbance in the heart rhythm in the ventricles) or 'ventricular tachycardia' (a rapid heart rate in the ventricles). This can disrupt the ability of the ventricles to pump blood effectively to the body and can cause a loss of all blood pressure. This is known as a cardiac arrest. If this problem is not resolved in about two minutes, and if no-one is available to begin resuscitation, the brain and heart become significantly damaged and death follows quickly.
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